During the Sharpeville Massacre a decade later, nearly 70 Black people were killed and nearly 190 wounded when police opened fire on them for refusing to carry their passbooks. The 1960 Sharpeville Massacre was the result of a peaceful protest regarding racist South African policies of apartheid. South Africa had already been harshly criticised for its apartheid policies, and this incident fuelled anti-apartheid sentiments as the international conscience was deeply stirred. ANC leader Nelson Mandela forms an armed branch of the ANC to fight against apartheid. Soweto Student Uprising On the morning of June 16, 1976, thousands of students from the African township of Soweto, outside Johannesburg, gathered at their schools to participate in a student-organized protest demonstration. After the massacre, leaders of the African National Congress, which represented the interests of Black South Africans, adopted violence as a political strategy. 1962 - Nelson Mandela is arrested and jailed. The Sharpeville massacre was reported worldwide, and received with horror from every quarter. As horrifying as the Sharpeville massacre was, it brought about a sea change in the resistance movement and led to the establishment of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC. They were also unsuccessful in cooperating effectively with one another. They hac come to hand in their passes to the police and asked to be arrested. The Sharpeville Massacre, as the event has become known, marked the start of armed resistance in South Africa, and prompted worldwide condemnation of South Africa's Apartheid policies. For almost fifty years black South Africans had strived for their struggle against oppression and exploitation with the greatest patience. On the morning of 21 March 5 000 peon e gathered at the Sharpeville police station near ~onannesburg to start the PAC campaign. 1960 - The Sharpeville Massacre occurs and 69 protestors are killed by police. Aftermath: Sharpeville Massacre 1960. International responses. He becomes a worldwide symbol against apartheid. Sharpeville Massacre: Police kill 69 peaceful protestors and the ANC is banned Mandela goes into hiding and forms an underground military group with armed resistance 1961 Issues a call to arms and becomes the ANC leader of the newly formed Umkhontoat guerrilla movement at … Description. The Sharpeville massacre was a haunting historical response by black people against the Apartheid oppression. Summary. The foundation was credited to a 42-year-old Nelson Mandela , who was incarcerated from 1963 to 1990 for his militant and anti-state activities. He will remain in jail for 27 years. Sharpeville 21 March 1960 In 1960 the ANA, a~c PAC started new campaigns against the hate: cass saystem. By 1963, one of the few envoys for tertiary students was the National Union of South African Students (NUSAS). Short Summary. After the Sharpeville Massacre, some black student organisations were founded but short-lived under state proscription and antagonism from university staff. Between the anvil of united mass action and the hammer of the armed struggle we shall crush apartheid and white minority racist rule" was the conviction Nelson Mandela showed in his book The Struggle is My Life. 1. The Sharpeville massacre in South Africa ten years ago was re-enacted in the heart of London today (Saturday, March 21st) in a commemorative demonstration, only a short distance from the boarded up windows of the South African Embassy. 1961 - South Africa is declared a republic.