[1][6] On January 13, 1841, he had "Pendulum Peak, January 1841 U.S. Ex, Ex." Vom Meeresboden. Der hawaiische Name Mauna Loa bedeutet langer Berg,[1] was sich durch seine von NNO nach SSW langgestreckte Form erklärt. Wissenschaftler vom … [87], Volcano on the island of Hawaii in Hawaii, United States, Mauna Loa's summit, overlaid with 100 m (328 ft), CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. However, two sections of the volcano, the first in the Naalehu area and the second on the southeastern flank of Mauna Loa's rift zone, are protected from eruptive activity by local topography, and have thus been designated hazard level 6, comparable with a similarly isolated segment on Kīlauea. The shield-stage lavas that built the enormous main mass of the mountain are tholeiitic basalts, like those of Mauna Kea, created through the mixing of primary magma and subducted oceanic crust. [74][75], James Cook's third voyage was the first to make landfall on Hawaiʻi island, in 1778, and following adventures along the North American west coast Cook returned to the island in 1779. Es ist ein aktiver Vulkan, einer von mehreren, die Hawaii bilden: 1. There is very little movement there today, a consequence of the volcano's geometry. Significantly better prepared, Menzies, Lieutenant Joseph Baker and Midshipman George McKenzie of Discovery, and a servant (most likely Jonathan Ewins, listed on the ship's muster as "Botanist's L't") reached the summit, which Menzies estimated to be 4,156 m (13,635 ft) high with the aid of a barometer (consistent with a modern value of 4,169 m, 13,678 ft). Source: Hawaiian Volcano Observatory volcano activity update 31 March 2021. Maunaloa (havajiešu: Mauna Loa — ‘Garais kalns’) ir lielākais vulkāns uz Zemes (pēc tilpuma) un viens no pieciem vulkāniem ASV piederošajā Havajas salā Klusajā okeānā.Šī vulkāna lavai parasti ir maza viskozitāte, tāpēc izvirduma laikā tā ātri aiztek un vulkānam ir lēzenas nogāzes (tas ir tā saucamais vairoga tipa vulkāns). Mauna Loa (/ˌmɔːnə ˈloʊ.ə/ or /ˌmaʊnə ˈloʊ.ə/; Hawaiian: [ˈmɐwnə ˈlowə]; English: Long Mountain[3]) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean. At the Flag Station Wilkes and his eight remaining men built a circular wall of lava rocks and covered the shelter with a canvas tent. Der Mauna Loa ist ein Schildvulkan, der von sehr vielen, relativ dünnen theolitischen Lavaschichten, mit einer durchschnittlichen Mächtigkeit von 3 bis 4 Meter, aufgebaut ist. Der Vulkantyp wird nach seiner Form benannt. Lavas from Mauna Kea intersect with Mauna Loa's basal flows as a consequence of Kea's older age,[29] and Mauna Kea's original rift zones were buried beneath post-shield volcanic rocks of Mauna Loa;[30] additionally, Mauna Kea shares Mauna Loa's gravity well, depressing the ocean crust beneath it by 6 km (4 mi). Seismic stations have been maintained on Hawaiʻi since the Observatory's inception, but these were concentrated primarily on Kīlauea, with coverage on Mauna Loa improving only slowly through the 20th century. [82], Trade winds blow from east to west across the Hawaiian islands, and the presence of Mauna Loa strongly affects the local climate. cut into a rock at the site. Die Lava wird aus einem Vulkanschlot gefördert und ist sehr dünnflüssig. [46] Following further activity in 1871, Mauna Loa experienced nearly continuous activity from August 1872 through 1877, a long-lasting and voluminous eruption lasting approximately 1,200 days and never moving beyond its summit. The damage was so extensive that the headwall of the damage likely intersected its southwestern rift zone. Mauna Loa is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean. Kegelförmiger Aufbau; Schildvulkan. By the time Douglas reached the summit the environment had put him under extreme duress, but he nonetheless stayed overnight to make measurements of the summit caldera's proportions and record barometric data on its height, both now known to be wildly inaccurate. Mauna Loa ist ungefähr 1.700 Meter (55.000 Fuß) hoch. 1900 Vulkane als potenziell aktiv eingestuft. Because of the potential hazards it poses to population centers, Mauna Loa is part of the Decade Volcanoes program, which encourages studies of the world's most dangerous volcanoes. This cyclical behavior is unique to Mauna Loa among the Hawaiian volcanoes. Trotz der enormen Masse richtete das vulkanische Material kaum Schaden an. YES! Weltweit werden ca. -- USGS. Observations of the atmosphere are undertaken at the Mauna Loa Observatory, and of the Sun at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, both located near the mountain's summit. [70], Ancient Hawaiian religious practice holds that the five volcanic peaks of the island are sacred, and regards Mauna Loa, the largest of them all, with great admiration;[71] but what mythology survives today consists mainly of oral accounts from the 18th century first compiled in the 19th. The rainfall supports extensive forestation. [24] Additionally, two smaller pit craters lie southwest of the caldera, named Lua Hou (New Pit) and Lua Hohonu (Deep Pit). A system of older faults exists on the southeastern side of Mauna Loa that likely formed before Kilauea became large enough to impede Mauna Loa's slump, the lowest and northernmost of which, the Kaoiki fault, remains an active earthquake center today. Mauna Loa är en aktiv sköldvulkan på ön Hawaii (även kallad Big Island) i ögruppen Hawaii.Den är jordens största vulkan; och även jordens största berg, med en volym på totalt 75 000 km 3, och höjd på totalt 4 170 meter över havet. [61] A more recent example of the risks associated with slumps occurred in 1975, when the Hilina Slump suddenly lurched forward several meters, triggering a 7.2 Mw earthquake and a 14 m (46 ft) tsunami that killed two campers at Halape. Der größte Teil dieser Größe liegt unterhalb des Ozeans, nur etwa 4.170 Meter oder 13.680 Fuß über dem Meeresspiegel. 1500 aktive, d. h. in den letzten 10.000 Jahren ausgebrochene Vulkane auf der Erdoberfläche, allerdings kennt man noch nicht die Anzahl der submarinen Vulkane, von denen es vermutlich vielfach mehr gibt.. Thus the first entirely confirmed historically witnessed eruption was a January 1843 event; since that time Mauna Loa has erupted 32 times. Berühmtes Beispiel für diesen Vulkantyp ist der Mauna Loa auf Hawaii. However, the flow got no closer, as two natural levees further up its pathway consequently broke and diverted active flows.[53][54]. Two guides joined them at Sunday Station: Keaweehu, "the bird-catcher" and another whose Hawaiian name is not recorded, called "ragsdale". [36] The 1926 eruption in particular is noteworthy for having inundated of a village near Hoʻōpūloa, destroying 12 houses, a church, and a small harbor. Vom Vulkantyp her zählt der Mauna Kea genauso wie sein Nachbar, der 4170 Meter hohe Mauna Loa (hawaiisch "Langer Berg"), zu den Schildvulkanen. The ocean floor directly beneath Mauna Loa is, in turn, depressed by the volcano's great mass another 8 km (5 mi). On his second visit John Ledyard, a corporal of the Royal Marines aboard HMS Resolution, proposed and receiving approval for an expedition to summit Mauna Loa to learn "about that part of the island, particularly the peak, the tip of which is generally covered with snow, and had excited great curiosity." Mauna Loa Macadamia Milk Ice Cream Contest - April 2021 Sweepstakes Terms & Conditions The Mauna Loa team will select one winner at random on March 4, 2021 and contact the winner directly by email. Mauna Loa. [33] Deep fault lines are a common feature on Hawaiian volcanoes, allowing large portions of their flanks to gradually slide downwards and forming structures like the Hilina Slump and the ancient Ninole Hills; large earthquakes could trigger rapid flank collapses along these lines, creating massive landslides and possibly triggering equally large tsunamis. De Mauna Loa, met zijn doorsnede van tachtig kilometer is zo enorm van volume dat je er de hele Sierra Nevada, het hooggebergte in Californië, met gemak in kwijt zou kunnen. Vulkanens hawaiianske navn "Mauna Loa" betyder "langt bjerg".. Mauna Loa er Jordens største skjoldvulkan, med et anslået volumen på ca. [41], Historical eruptions at Mauna Loa are typically Hawaiian in character and rarely violent, starting with the emergence of lava fountains over a several kilometer long rift colloquially known as the "curtain of fire" (often, but not always, propagating from Mauna Loa's summit[27]) and eventually concentrating at a single vent, its long-term eruptive center. However, the high winds made so much noise that the ticks could often not be heard, and varied the temperature to make measurements inaccurate. Er erhebt sich vier Kilometer über dem Meeresspiegel, erreicht aber von seiner Basis auf dem Meeresboden eine Höhe von … [35], The oldest exposed flows on Mauna Loa are thought to be the Ninole Hills on its southern flank, subaerial basalt rock dating back approximately 100 to 200 thousand years. Richard V. Fisher, Grant Heiken, Jeffrey B. Hulen. Their age roughly corresponding with the glaciation of Mauna Loa during the last ice age, raising the distinct possibility that it is the product of phreatomagmatic interaction between the long-gone glaciers and Mauna Loa's eruptive activities. [83], Mauna Loa has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round. Een adembenemende trip om bovenop de top te geraken, daar kan Tinneke over getuigen. Bisher scheint der Ätna der erste Vulkan zu sein, bei dem ein derartiger Übergang von einem Vulkantyp zum anderen beobachtet wurde. However, on the second day of traveling the route became steeper, rougher, and blocked by "impenetrable thickets," and the group was forced to abandon their attempt and return to Kealakekua Bay, reckoning they had "penetrated 24 miles and we suppose [were] within 11 miles of the peak"; in reality, Mokuʻāweoweo lies only 32 km (20 mi) east of the bay, a severe overestimation on Ledyard's part. Mauna Loa kan je bewonderen op Big Island, Hawaii (VS). The carbon dioxide data on Mauna Loa constitute the longest record of direct measurements of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Bekanntestes Beispiel ist der Mauna Loa auf Hawaii. and Lockwood, J. P. (editors), (1995), International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Yuan-Tseh Lee Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy, Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, List of mountain peaks of the United States, "New Giant Volcano Below Sea Is Largest in the World", "The Emperor and Hawaiian Volcanic Chains: How well do they fit the plume hypothesis? [2] Lage: Hawaii (19,4° nördliche Breite, 155, 3° westliche Länge) Höhe: etwa 1.247 m Vulkantyp: Schildvulkan Tektonische Umgebung: Hot Spot Letzter … One of these trails, the Ainapo Trail, ascended from the village of Kapāpala over 3,400 m (11,155 ft) in about 56 km (35 mi) and ended at Mokuʻāweoweo at Mauna Loa's summit. Am seinem Fuß besitzt er einen Durchmesser von 400 Kilometern. Schichtvulkane auch Stratovulkane. Dieser Vulkan gilt als der größte und höchste Berg der Erde, da er über 10.000 Meter - gerechnet vom Meeresboden an - hoch ist. Much of the area immediately surrounding the rift zones is considered level two, and about 20 percent of the area has been covered in lava in historical times. The positioning of the trails were practical, connecting living areas to farms and ports and regions to resources, with a few upland sections reserved for gathering and most lines marked well enough to remain identifiable long after regular use has ended. Es gibt heute weltweit ca. Die größten Schildvulkane gibt es auf Hawaii im Nordpazifik. 5. Some of these missionaries left for Hawaiʻi island, and spent ten weeks traveling around it, preaching at local villages and climbing Kilauea, from which one of its members, William Ellis, observed Mauna Loa with the aid of a telescope and ascertained it and Kea to be "perhaps 15,000 to 16,000 feet above the level of the sea"; they did not, however, attempt to climb the volcano itself. [48] An earlier eruption in 1926 overran the village of Hoʻōpūloa Makai,[49] and Hilo, partly built on lavas from the 1880–81 eruption, is at risk from future eruptions. 336 were here. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie. [81], A summit shelter was built with some of the stones from Wilkes' camp site and mortar in 1934. Most of the porters were sent back down to get another load. [29] There are also a series of normal faults on Mauna Loa's northern and western slopes, between its two major rift zones, that are believed to be the result of combined circumferential tension from the two rift zones and from added pressure due to the westward growth of neighboring Kīlauea. [41] Possible eruptions occurred around 1730 and 1750 and sometime during 1780 and 1803. and Lockwood, J.P. Wilkes sailed to Hilo on the island of Hawaiʻi and decided to climb Mauna Loa first, since it looked easier than Mauna Kea. Mauna Loa ist ungefähr 1.700 Meter (55.000 Fuß) hoch. However, as flows from the eruption rapidly spread down the volcano's flank and threatened the ʻOlaʻa flume, Mountain View's primary water source, the United States Army Air Force decided to drop its own bombs on the island in the hopes of redirecting the flows away from the flume; sixteen bombs weighing between 300 and 600 lb (136 and 272 kg) each were dropped on the island, but produced little effect. On a second visit by the expedition to the island in January of the next year Menzies was placed in charge of exploring the island interior, and after traversing the flanks of Hualālai he and his party arrived at the high plateau separating the two volcanoes. Sie verwenden eine ältere Version Ihres Browsers. Originating from the volcano's southwestern rift zone, the eruption remains the largest rift event in the volcano's modern history, lasting 23 days, emitting 376 million cubic meters of lava, and reaching 24 km (15 mi) the ocean within 3 hours. [76], Menzies made a third attempt to summit Mauna Loa in February 1794. Breite und Länge des Vulkans Mauna Loa: 19 ° 28 "46" s. ø., 155 ° 36 "09" з. e. Auf Hawaiisch klingt der Name dieses Vulkans wie ein "hoher Berg". Zu diesem Vulkantyp gehören 90 % aller Vulkane weltweit, von denen man viele auf dem Meeresgrund findet. Mauna Kea: Mauna Loa: Kilauea: Vulkangebiete der Erde: Zurück: Reisen: Hawaii: Galerie: Hawaii: Home: Die Hawaii Inseln liegen Mitten im pazifischen Ozean.