Updated 1738 GMT (0138 HKT) March 2, 2021 . He was aware that growing ethnic animosity and violence was leading South Africa into a racial civil war. Joining the National Party, to which he had family ties, he was elected to parliament and sat in the white-minority government of P. W. Botha, holding a succession of ministerial posts. [5] These white right-wing groups were aware that they would not get what they wanted through the forthcoming negotiations, and so increasingly tried to derail the negotiations using revolutionary violence. He was the president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994. [126] On March 19, 2021 it was announced that he was diagnosed with mesothelioma. [65] In 1992, de Klerk held a whites-only referendum on ending apartheid, with the result being an overwhelming "yes" vote to continue negotiations to end apartheid. [119] He was, according to de Klerk, "a man of compromise rather than a political innovator or entrepreneur". The recipient of a wide range of awards—including the Nobel Peace Prize—he was widely praised for dismantling apartheid and bringing universal suffrage to South Africa. De Klerk wuchs in einer sehr politischen Familie auf. De Klerk was appointed the Second Vice President in President Mandela’s cabinet. [89] Soon after his divorce, de Klerk and Georgiades were married. [109], De Klerk stated that within the party, he "never formed part of a political school of thought, and I deliberately kept out of the cliques and foments of the enlightened and conservative factions in the party. Homme d'État. [70] Further, de Klerk's role in the destabilization of the country during the negotiation process through the operation of a 'third force' came to the attention of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and was never ultimately clarified. Frederik Willem de Klerk OMG DMS is a South African retired politician, who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. The Global Panel Foundation is known for its behind-the-scenes work in public policy and the annual presentation of the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award with the Prague Society for International Cooperation. [24], After university, de Klerk pursued a legal career, becoming an articled clerk with the firm Pelser in Klerksdorp. A. Kamsteeg, E. Van Dijk, F. W. de Klerk, man of the moment. Internationally we were teetering on the edge of the abyss. "[83], De Klerk appeared before the TRC hearing to testify for Vlakplaas commanders who were accused of having committed human rights abuses during the apartheid era. In 1999, de Klerk and his wife of 38 years, Marike de Klerk, were divorced following the discovery of his affair with Elita Georgiades,[88] then the wife of Tony Georgiades, a Greek shipping tycoon who had allegedly given de Klerk and the NP financial support. [1] He eventually became a boarder at the Monument High School in Krugersdorp, where he graduated with a first-class pass in 1953. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace with Nelson Mandela. He was the national chair of the Junior Rapportryers for two years, and chair of the Law Society of Vaal Triangle. Frederik Willem de Klerk , the former president who shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Mandela in 1993, answers questions about his memories of Nelson... South African President Frederik de Klerk gives a press conference during his visit to Paris. "[110], For much of his career, de Klerk believed in apartheid and its system of racial segregation. I analysed it as it was formulated, to the letter. Oder starten Sie eine neue Suche, um noch mehr Stock-Fotografie und Bilder zu entdecken. Frederik Willem de Klerk führte das Land von 1989 bis 1994. [67][68], In 1993, de Klerk and Mandela were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their work in ending apartheid. [20] At the university, he began a relationship with Marike Willemse, the daughter of a professor at the University of Pretoria. [27], In 1975, Prime Minister John Vorster predicted that de Klerk would one day become leader of South Africa. Frederik Willem de Klerk. [25] [81] De Klerk was unhappy with the formation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). [22] After he became acting president, ANC leaders spoke out against him, believing that he would be no different from his predecessors;[22] he was widely regarded as a staunch supporter of apartheid. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Après l'élection de N. Mandela à la tête de l'État, il est, de 1994 à 1996, vice-président du gouvernement d'unité nationale présidé par ce dernier. [22] The collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the dissolution of the Soviet Union meant that he no longer feared that Marxists would manipulate the ANC. He became the information officer of the Transvaal National Party, responsible for its propaganda output,[27] and helped to establish a new National Party youth movement. De Klerk, who was on a brief visit to Stockholm, Sweden, to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prize foundation, immediately returned to mourn his dead ex-wife. "[57] Throughout South Africa and across the world, there was astonishment at de Klerk's move. He did not believe that South Africa would become a "non-racial society", but rather sought to build a "non-racist society" in which ethnic divisions remained; in his view "I do not believe in the existence of anything like a non-racial society in the literal sense of the word", citing the example of the United States and United Kingdom where there was no legal racial segregation but that distinct racial groups continued to exist. [17] He was inculturated in the norms and values of Afrikaner society, including festivals like Kruger Day, loyalty to the Afrikaner nation, and stories of the "age of injustice" that the Afrikaner faced under the British. Synopsis: State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994. He permitted anti-apartheid marches to take place, legalised a range of previously banned anti-apartheid political parties, and freed imprisoned anti-apartheid activists, including Nelson Mandela. Although she opposed the anti-apartheid movement's calls for economic sanctions against South Africa, at the meeting she urged de Klerk to release the imprisoned anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela. [10] He and family members would be encouraged to hold family debates; his more conservative opinions would be challenged by his brother Willem, who was sympathetic to the more liberal, "enlightened" faction of the National Party. He also dismantled South Africa's nuclear weapons program. [127], Glad and Blanton stated that de Klerk, along with Mandela, "accomplished the rare feat of bringing about systemic revolution through peaceful means. Président de l'État sud-africain (1989-1994), il engage contre toute attente son pays dans une politique résolument réformiste (légalisation de l'ANC, libération de Nelson Mandela en 1990, abolition de la législation sur l'apartheid en 1991) qui conduit, en mai 1994, à la tenue des premières élections multiraciales et démocratiques au suffrage universel. [20] At university, he was initiated into the Broederbond, a secret society for the Afrikaner social elite. Frederik Willem de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburg, 18 maart 1936) is een Zuid-Afrikaans voormalig politicus. "[47], —De Klerk's speech to Parliament, February 1990[22], On 2 February 1990, in an address to the country's parliament, he introduced plans for sweeping reforms of the political system. CNN Editorial Research. On 3 December 2001, Marike de Klerk was found stabbed and strangled to death in her Cape Town flat. Former South African president and Nobel Peace prize laurate F. W. de Klerk … [23] The couple married in 1959, when de Klerk was 23 and his wife 22. [29], For most of his career, de Klerk had a very conservative reputation,[31] and was seen as someone who would obstruct change in South Africa. Frederik de Klerk hatte 1993 gemeinsam mit Nelson Mandela den Friedensnobelpreis erhalten. As a minister, he supported and enforced apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged white South Africans. [31] To stem defections from the right-wing end of the National Party, he made "ultra-conservative noises". He's never assigned any human value to our family. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction ou téléchargez la version eBook. [20] Relocating to Pretoria, he became an articled clerk for another law firm, Mac-Robert. Nelson Mandela and F.W. I saw my role in the party as that of an interpreter of the party's real median policy at any stage. Frederik Willem de Klerk. That same year, while giving an interview to US journalist Richard Stengel, de Klerk was asked whether South Africa had turned out the way he envisioned it back in 1990. [1] De Klerk's first language is Afrikaans and the earliest of his distant ancestors to arrive in what is now South Africa did so in the late 1680s. De Klerk negotiated with Mandela to fully dismantle apartheid and establish a transition to universal suffrage. [59] It was also received negatively by some on the white right-wing, including in the Conservative Party, who believed that de Klerk was betraying the white population. [27] He joined various party parliamentary study groups, including those on the Bantustans, labour, justice, and home affairs. [30] As education minister between 1984-89, he upheld the apartheid system in South Africa's schools,[22] and extended the department to cover all racial groups. [101], In a BBC interview broadcast in April 2012, he said he lived in an all-white neighbourhood. Englische Übersetzung von Frederik Willem de Klerk. [75], Mandela reappointed de Klerk's finance minister, Derek Keys, and retained Chris Stals, a former member of the Broederbond, as the head of the Central Bank. His condition deteriorated sharply, and he underwent a tracheotomy after developing respiratory problems. Frederik Willem de Klerk ist ein ehemaliger südafrikanischer Politiker und Präsident der Republik Südafrika (1989–1994), der das Ende der Apartheid mit herbeiführte und organisierte und zusammen mit Nelson Mandela Träger des Friedensnobelpreises 1993 ist. It is a not-for-profit organisation composed of former heads of government and senior governmental and international organisation officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them. Frederik Willem de KLERK (afrikansa prononco: [ˈfreədərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk]; 18a de Marto 1936) estas sudafrika politikisto kiu servis kiel ŝtata prezidanto el Aŭgusto 1989 al Majo 1994.Li estis la sepa kaj lasta ŝtatestro de Sudafriko en la epoko de apartismo.De Klerk estis ankaŭ estro de la Nacia Partio (kiu poste iĝos la Nova Nacia Partio) el Februaro 1989 al Septembro 1997. He is the son of Senator Jan de Klerk, a leading politician, who became minister in the South African government. [25] He took on a number of roles in the party and government. Nuo 1972 parlamento deputatas. Conversely, anti-apartheid activists criticised him for offering only a qualified apology for apartheid and for ignoring the human rights abuses carried out by his state security forces, while South Africa's white right-wing claimed that by abandoning apartheid he had betrayed the interests of the country's white minority. If the policy I propounded was ultra-conservative, then that was the policy; it was not necessarily I who was ultra-conservative. [1], Between 1954 and 1958, de Klerk studied at Potchefstroom University, graduating with both a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Law. [5] De Klerk was deeply upset that many Afrikaners did not realise that his reforms to dismantle apartheid were carried out with the intention of preserving a future for the Afrikaner people in South Africa. [99] He has also received the Gold Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Public Discourse from the College Historical Society of Trinity College, Dublin, for his contribution to ending apartheid. "[108] The article continues by stating many people around the world are calling for de Klerk's Nobel Peace Prize to be stripped from him. [81] He had hoped that the TRC would be made up of an equal number of individuals from both the old and new governments, as there had been in the Chilean human rights commission. In 1981, de Klerk was awarded the Decoration for Meritorious Service for his work in the government. "[103] He attended the memorial service for him on 10 December 2013. In 1962, he set up his own law partnership in Vereeniging, Transvaal, which he built into a successful business over ten years. In September 1990, Potchefstroom University awarded de Klerk with an honorary doctorate. The Bomb – South Africa’s Nuclear Weapons Programme. [118] He felt that de Klerk's "charisma" came not from an "exceptionally strong individualism" but from "his rationality, logic and balance". [95][96][97] He recovered and on 11 September 2006 gave a speech at Kent State University Stark Campus. [27] It was in the latter in 1976 that he observed what he later described as the pervasive racism of U.S. society, later noting that he "saw more racial incidents in one month there than in South Africa in a year". In 2002, following the murder of his former wife, the manuscript of her own autobiography, A Place Where the Sun Shines Again, was submitted to de Klerk, who urged the publishers to suppress a chapter dealing with his infidelity.[90]. [94], In 2006, he underwent surgery for a malignant tumour in his colon. There is a tendency by commentators across the world to focus on the few negatives which are quite negative, like how are we handling AIDS, like our role vis-à-vis Zimbabwe. [35] This general approach led to the perception that he was "trying to be all things to all men". Il se retire de la vie politique en 1997. [34] He defeated main rival Barend du Plessis to the position by a majority of eight votes, 69–61. [31] [1] He was nevertheless disappointed not to get the four distinctions he was hoping for. Fichier:Frederik Willem de Klerk, 1990.jpg. First Name: Frederik… [20][11] He later noted that during this legal training, he "became accustomed to thinking in terms of legal principles". Er war von 1989 bis 1994 Staatspräsident der Republik Südafrika. Avocat et homme d'État sud-africain... Afrique du Sud : vie politique depuis 1961. [30], P. W. Botha resigned as leader of the National Party after an apparent stroke, and de Klerk defeated Botha's preferred successor, finance minister Barend du Plessis, in the race to succeed him. In Mandela: The Authorised Biography, Sampson accuses de Klerk of permitting his ministers to build their own criminal empires. His former wife Marike described de Klerk as being "extremely sensitive to beautiful things", exhibiting something akin to an artistic temperament. [125] He also enjoys a glass of whisky or wine while relaxing. Throughout the negotiations, de Klerk primarily sought to prevent majority rule to preserve power for the white South African minority. Homme d'État sud-africain (Johannesburg 1936). Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburgo, Unión Sudafricana; 18 de marzo de 1936) 1 es un político sudafricano, reconocido por liberar de prisión al activista Nelson Mandela y por contribuir a su lado, a poner fin al régimen del apartheid. 1990. [112], De Klerk accepted the principle of freedom of religion, although still believed that the state should promote Christianity. [35] Soon after, he called for the introduction of a new South African constitution, hinting that it would need to provide greater concession to non-white racial groups. Those who seek to force this failure of a system on South Africa should engage in a total revision of their point of view. [18] He therefore was, according to his brother, "one of a generation that grew up with the concept of apartheid". [37], Botha resigned on 14 August, and de Klerk was named acting state president until 20 September, when he was elected to a full five-year term as state president. [104] He was subsequently criticized by some activists who described it as "ironic" that the last apartheid President should be defending a statue of a man labelled by critics as the "architect of apartheid". Frederik Willem De Klerk. From 1994 to 1996 he was vice president of South Africa. [76] De Klerk supported the coalition's economic policies, stating that it "accepted a broad framework of responsible economic policies". [63], —De Klerk on a post-apartheid society[64], His presidency was dominated by the negotiation process, mainly between his NP government and the ANC, which led to the democratization of South Africa. Fichier; Historique du fichier; Utilisation du fichier; Usage global du fichier; Métadonnées; Taille de cet aperçu : 474 × 599 pixels. [38] The prominent anti-apartheid activist Desmond Tutu shared this assessment, stating: "I don't think we've got to even begin to pretend that there is any reason for thinking that we are entering a new phase. [44] That month, he also released a number of elderly anti-apartheid activists then imprisoned, including Walter Sisulu. [33] While serving under P. W. Botha's government, de Klerk was never part of Botha's inner circle. [83] Given the widespread and systemic nature of the abuses that had taken place, as well as statements by security officers that their actions had been sanctioned by higher ranking figures, Tutu questioned how de Klerk and other government figures could not have been aware of them. On 2 February 1989, he was elected leader of the National Party. He often hedged his bets and sought to accommodate divergent perspectives,[35] favouring compromise over confrontation. [129] de Klerk Frederik Willem (Frederikas Vilemas de Klèrkas) 1936 03 18 Johannesburg, Pietų Afrikos Respublikos valstybės veikėjas.. 1958 baigė Potchefstroomo universitetą; teisininkas. Er wurde am 18. After the first universal elections in 1994, de Klerk became deputy president in the government of national unity under Nelson Mandela; in 1996, de Klerk withdrew the National Party from Mandela's government, becoming leader of the official opposition. China is cementing its interests in Africa and its access to its natural resources which they require for their economy - it is their right to do so. In 1993, he publicly apologised for apartheid's harmful effects, although not for apartheid itself. In 2015, de Klerk wrote to The Times newspaper in the UK criticising moves to remove a statue to Cecil Rhodes at Oriel College, Oxford. Minister of National Education and Planning, Prague Society for International Cooperation, "Johannes (Jan) de Klerk | South African History Online", "Frederik en Marike de Klerk vinden hun wortels in Zeeland", "South Africa: FW de Klerk Reveals Colourful Ancestry", "Nelson Mandela's fraught relationship with FW de Klerk", "Country Overviews: South Africa: Nuclear Chronology", "Criminal charges to be laid against De Klerk, Vlok", "South Africa's Truth Panel Accuses de Klerk of Lies and Cover-Up", "Truth Commission - Special Report - VlakplaasEpisode 43, Section 6, Time 25:33", Ethical controversy forces de Klerk to decline honor, "Ex-wife of de Klerk Murdered: S. African Police", "De Klerk's ex-wife is found knifed and strangled", "HBO History Makers Series: Frederik Willem de Klerk", "News – Politics: de Klerk sanguine about SA", "FW de Klerk Foundation Website – Speeches", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China; Press Release: H.E Young Sam, Kim, Former President of the Republic of Korea and his delegation arrived in Taiwan", "News – Election 2009: 'Zuma will confound the prophets of doom, "Eyewitness News: De Klerk: Mandela united SA", "FW De Klerk criticises Rhodes statue removal campaign", "EFF calls for De Klerk to be stripped of Nobel Peace accolade", "Ex-South African president de Klerk withdraws apartheid comments after backlash", "To protect women from violence today, we must secure justice for victims in the past", https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/political-veterans-on-the-mend-291484, https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/fw-de-klerk-diagnosed-with-cancer-undergoes-treatment-b085e48a-895e-42ba-817b-1d20b3a61d3c, South Africa is one of the most unequal societies in the world, International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, Video of F. W. de Klerk's November 2005 visit to Richmond Hill High School on Google Video, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Leaders of the (Parliamentary) Opposition in South Africa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._W._de_Klerk&oldid=1018409201, Members of the House of Assembly of South Africa, Members of the National Assembly of South Africa, Ministers of Home Affairs of South Africa, National Party (South Africa) politicians, Members of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa, South African Ministers for Sport and Recreation, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Use South African English from February 2020, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 April 2021, at 23:31.