More broadly, on ethnic disparities and attainment, the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities, announced by the Prime Minister in June, will look at outcomes for the whole population, and it is looking specifically at education. That is absolutely the ambition of this Government and we will do it in the ways that we believe are best. Disparate Impact is a metric to evaluate fairness. Indeed, the OpenSAFELY study of 17 million … Does the Minister agree that it is the duty of every Member of the House to work with our communities, as leaders, in encouraging participation in such an important trial? I thank my hon. Will the Minister be advocating for specific targeted economic support for women to address the structural inequalities that are being very much exacerbated by covid-19? Again, I asked about languages commissioned in September, in a written question, as have others. Boston Region MPO Planning Studies and Technical Analyses. I have received three separate messages myself from people telling ethnic minorities not to take part in vaccine trials. I thank my hon. The evidence from the UK Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre has shown consistently throughout the crisis that, compared with the general population, a higher frequency than expected of patients from BAME backgrounds have required critical care. This usually refers to situations where an algorithmic decision-making process harms or benefits some subgroups more than others. We have had ethnic minority influences reaching 5 million people. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across virtually all the groups who suffer disproportionately from covid-19, from the elderly to the obese, diabetics and ethnic minority communities. 6MC.]. We looked at vitamin D. The SAGE report from 23 September shows that it looked at vitamin D studies to see if it had had an effect and did not find any relationship. We have targeted as much money as we possibly can to all the groups we believe need it. The funding for a targeted group of councils will enable them to do more of what they know works but also to go further by enhancing existing schemes. Lady talks about what the Government have done. National figures, for example, show reduced GP appointments, cancer screening and hip operations. My hon. May I say what a fantastic job the Minister is doing in tackling some of the most difficult issues head on? We need people to have faith in the Government. Conversely, for 5, you’d assume they belonged in Blue. The volume of evidence that we have seen has been coming forward to us for months. Virtual participation in proceedings concluded (Order, 4 June). I am sorry to say that if the hon. Data collection, processing, and labeling are common activities where we introduce bias in our data. We provided £4.3 million in funding for six new projects. Lady; she and I are not going to have a disagreement on this issue. Someone who is over 70 or 80 is 80 times more likely to have the disease, whereas someone from an ethnic minority background is between 1.2 and 1.8 times more likely to have it. The report mentions a SAGE sub-group on ethnicity. Today, the Minister has published her first quarterly report on progress into addressing covid health inequalities, but it is now well over four months since both Public Health England reviews were published. We need local authorities and people who know their local areas to be able to go out and find those people who still are not hearing the message. The evidence clearly shows that there is a higher prevalence of, and mortality from, the disease in areas of high deprivation. Friend on the community champions scheme and on the new funding today. Friend look at this particular issue to see whether it is that mixing of people that is causing so many problems among our ethnic minority friends? disparate impact. To use the mean use ‘mean’. But risk assessments are the key thing to ensure that people understand their risk and that is how we will deal with that. I am glad that information is available in different languages; real language choice provides a clear functional gain, as we know in Wales. If it is possible, we will ensure that he can access the community champions fund. Why, then, according to Business in the Community, have the Government chosen to exempt companies from having to file any gender pay gap data this year, resulting in only half of businesses actually doing so? I disagree with the hon. With data showing that only one in 10 lower earners can work from home and that 69% of low earners are women, women have clearly started this crisis from a position of economic disadvantage. I am therefore announcing today a new community champions scheme that includes up to £25 million in funding to local authorities and the voluntary and community sector. Friend for her comprehensive statement; I note that she seems to be on a bit of a roll in the Chamber this week. I have just given a statement about what the Government have been doing over four months. If that is the case, what measures are the Government taking to protect people who are 70 or older? It is really important to me that we let people have trust and faith in the Government, and that we let them know what we are doing. As the chief medical officer has said, we must assess the impact of covid-19 based on all-cause mortality to incorporate its indirect impact. This would ensure no group bias is discovered by a machine learning model. I congratulate my hon. I came before the House on 4 June, just after Public Health England had published its report “Covid 19: review of disparities in risks and outcomes”, as the Prime Minister had asked me to lead the cross-Government work to address the findings of that review. There is a wider strand of work within Government that is considering other groups that may have been particularly impacted by covid, such as disabled people, and I will include updates on that wider work in future reports. Companies that are able to do so can continue to carry out their gender pay gap reporting, but I remind the hon. Figure 6: Disparate Impact metric between white and rest of the races improves after pre-processing. The library we are using to implement this algorithm is AI Fairness 360. Let’s explore the impact of two different repair levels, 1.0 and 0.8. This is what we have found. We have not seen anything to that effect on her social media. Our community champions funding will support those groups at greater risk of this disease to ensure that key public health advice is understood and safer behaviours are followed. I know where the hon. NHS trusts are encouraged to restore services inclusively, so that they are used by those in greatest need. The Minister said that help that is provided across the population disproportionately benefits black, Asian and minority ethnic people, but that does not apply to those who have no recourse to public funds. I thank the hon. Will she say a little more about how that data will be used to improve health outcomes for everyone in the country? We should be working together on this. Friend to discuss the issue further, to understand exactly what it is that he is looking for and see if we can do something to produce information like that. The Government agree that charities play an invaluable role in this country, which is why we have committed a £750 million package of support specifically for charities, social enterprises and the voluntary sector, so that they continue their work through the outbreak. I thank the Minister for her statement. Friend and welcome this incredibly important ongoing work. We now know much more about the impact of the virus than we did in June. These outcomes all have high impact repercussions for the individual. I am appointing them to provide medical expertise as critical friends, not just people to agree with everything that we say over the coming months. I come from Bradford—a diverse city—and Bradford West is one of the most diverse constituencies in the country. Exactly how will that be incorporated into health policy, and by when? The distributions do not entirely overlap but you would still struggle to distinguish between membership, making it more difficult for a model to do so. When implementing these models at scale, it can result in a large number of biased decisions, harming a large number of users. Let's first look at the gender distribution for each job. In June, I urged the Government to act upon the unequal risks before the second wave, and I pointed out that black and Asian people were not properly represented in the clinical trials. There are other measures we can take to protect those most at risk, particularly those from minority groups. So in my report to the Prime Minister I outlined a number of recommendations and next steps. In particular, we need to work with local communities to protect the most vulnerable. Tools using AI are being built to: approve or deny loans; decide if a person should be considered for an interview, and; determine if someone’s a good candidate for treatment. However, as a Treasury Minister, I can tell the hon. Finally, why has it taken so long for the Government to act on the disproportionate impact that covid-19 is having on our ethnic minority communities? Why does the Minister think that is happening, and is she incorporating that important research into the evidence that the Government are looking at? I agree with the hon. Lady is not seeing these things, then perhaps she is not watching, but the money that we have spent is a testament to how hard we are working to reach people. If the favorable label is more than the split value set pos_label argument to 1 else to 0. We need to get as many people from all communities represented, but we cannot force people; we need to encourage them and get them to see the benefits of that, so I urge everyone across the House to do that. Councils have been working tirelessly to support and engage their communities through this crisis. Its methodology was not transparent, and our statisticians in the Cabinet Office could not understand where it got the numbers from. As expected, none of the sub-population pairs – in this case just one pair: females-males – violates the equal_accuracy disparate impact fairness metric, therefore the model is fair with respect to this metric with the default threshold of 0.2. Yes, absolutely; it has to be evidence-led. disparate impact remover and equalized odds post-processing), which may imply better and worse performance by some algorithms with respect to some metrics. We also reached out to all parts of the community through our information campaign. Friend is right to allude to the importance to children and young people of being in school. On that specific metric, early evidence suggests that there is no disproportionate impact across different ethnic groups. Take a look. I co-hosted a roundtable on maternal mortality rates for ethnic minority women with the Minister for Patient Safety, Mental Health and Suicide Prevention on 2 September, to develop appropriate solutions to benefit pregnant women and their babies during this period. Lady is getting to, but we have also explained that for some groups, such as Bangladeshi women and white women, when we take out comorbidities, the disparity is completely gone. I have spoken with Mr Speaker and many members of the House staff about how impressed I have been with the measures put in place by the parliamentary authorities to protect all of us who use the parliamentary estate. I thank the hon. My hon. From March to July, we spent an additional £4 million to reach ethnic minority people through tailored messaging, strategically chosen channels and trusted voices. We must not politicise covid-19. In addition, the appendix discusses an analysis of the distribution of impacts by transportation analysis zone (TAZ). The Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) votes to approve this work program. The industry standard is a four-fifths rule: if the unprivileged group receives a positive outcome less than 80% of their proportion of the privileged group, this is a disparate impact violation. Specifically, are the Government using artificial intelligence techniques to correlate the different factors so that we know why this is happening in our black communities? Friend on her statement. I know that my hon. We have explained that it is household size, it is population density, it is geographic factors, it is socioeconomic factors—all those things are having an effect. The disparate impact theory of liability will succeed if the plaintiff can prove that these employment policies had the effect of excluding persons who are members of Title VII's protected classes. We compute the disparate impact for each job and average them in order to obtain a so-called “macro disparate impact”: $$ \frac{1}{jobs} \sum_{job \in jobs} \frac{max(P(male \mid job), P(female \mid job))}{min(P(male \mid job), P(female \mid job))} $$ This metric is very straighforward to compute. Machine learning discovers and generalizes patterns in the data and could, therefore, replicate bias. AI Fairness is an important topic for machine learning practitioners. The calculation is the proportion of the unprivileged group that received the positive outcome divided by the proportion of the privileged group that received the positive outcome. I am delighted to announce the appointment of Dr Ali and Professor Neal, specialist epidemiologists and health technology advisers who are experts on covid-19 and ethnicity. What we are explaining is why certain groups are disproportionately impacted. Sunrise Radio, the largest Asian radio station outside London, has had one campaign, from 2 to 7 May, in Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu, but it had nothing from 7 May right until 19 October. The educational attainment of white working-class boys is among the lowest, and that has only been exacerbated by the effects of covid-19 and their not being able to be in school. That is the issue that they have been trying to tackle. They know how to this best. I am sure the Minister will be well aware of the research by the Financial Conduct Authority showing that while one in three of our fellow citizens has seen an income cut because of covid, that rises to 40% among black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. The reason I have asked that we mandate recording is that that was one of the gaps identified. That is an interesting suggestion. However, what remains unclear is why some people are more at risk than others, including the more elderly residents of North Devon. Friend agree that if we are to tackle this virus effectively, it is essential that we understand the key drivers of its disproportionate impact? I thank the excellent Minister for coming to the House to make this statement. I am interested in everything that it contains, and I commend her for volunteering to be part of the vaccine programme. I thank her for her hard work on that and on behalf of her constituency. Will she recommit the Government to securing the data, not least by ensuring that future public health surveys record data on all protected characteristics? We need people to have faith in our health service and trust it in order to take part in things like vaccine trials. We can plot the distribution of Feature for each of the two groups and visually see this disparity. This technical appendix describes how metrics analyzed for disparate impacts and disproportionate burdens ( DI/DB) as part of this study were defined, and how the thresholds are applied to the metric impacts that are identified. Our excellent Lancashire local resilience forum has been advocating for that and there is no substitute for on-the-ground intelligence. Lady, knowing that she has a large ethnic minority population in her community, what has she done to tell them to join the national vaccine register? We have published public health messages in over 600 publications. We are spending an unprecedented amount in the pandemic. Friend. I do not stand here just as an Equalities Minister and a Treasury Minister. groupby (['job', 'gender']). We have said we are going to do whatever it takes, but we cannot do everything that everyone likes. The findings from the race disparity unit and ONS research are fed in as those Ministers make policy, whether in health or otherwise. We issued revised guidance to employers in July and again in September, highlighting the findings of the PHE review and explaining how to make workplaces covid secure. It demonstrates the following: This is available on GitHub here. I am glad that the Minister referred to her letter, because I have just had a check and I certainly have not received a letter from her; she referred to the matter in her answer to our shadow Minister. accuracy), those that interact with our models may consider other values as well. Friend agree that we should encourage the BAME community to access the treatments that are available to them, such as cancer treatment, because those are important for their health? The impact is not just on individuals or even households: where there is a concentration of people from BAME backgrounds, it affects the much wider community. Those doctors will have been comparatively well paid, so poverty cannot be the full explanation. We have also heard very disturbing reports of “do not resuscitate” orders being put in place, particularly for those with learning difficulties, without consultation with their families. That is something that should happen right now. We need to find out the exact reasons why things are occurring so that we can have the right solutions. Let’s take a toy example with an unprivileged group, Blue, and a privileged group, Orange. The blue, green and red bars represents disparate impact of the original rating, predicted rating of classifier trained with original data and the modified data after pre-processing respectively. Friend; I do not think there was anything to disagree with in what he said. People who are elderly, especially those who are clinically extremely vulnerable, as my hon. That is why I am standing here in Parliament giving this oral statement, rather than just making a report to the Prime Minister. In this example we measure the three most common Disparate Impact measures: Equal Accuracy; Equal Opportunity; and. They will give us a better insight into how the virus is impacting ethnic minority groups, how we can best protect those who may be most at risk and how we can address long-standing public health inequalities. Just this week the Institute for Public Policy Research and the Runnymede Trust showed that well over 2,000 black and south Asian deaths could have been avoided during the first wave of the pandemic if those populations did not experience a higher risk of death from covid-19, and that 58,000 people would have died in the first wave if the white population experienced the same risk of death from covid as our black populations. Values close to 1 represents fair classification for each rating category. We have published messaging in well over 600 publications, including those that have readerships with a high proportion of ethnic minority people. They will also provide a new framework to ensure the representation of ethnic minorities in clinical trials that are testing new treatments and vaccines for covid-19. Since then, I have asked the Chancellor and the Transport Secretary to extend the Government’s covid-19 life assurance scheme for families of health and care workers to others, including the families of bus drivers, such as Ranjith’s. She has clearly done a great job of identifying the numerous factors that exacerbate the problem and acting rapidly on them. My report summarises the significant measures that Government Departments and their agencies have to date put in place to mitigate the disproportionate impacts of covid-19. I am sorry, but she has not. In general, we must move away from seeing covid-19 as something that affects discrete groups in society and towards helping individuals understand their own particular risk profile as the evidence base grows. We have been providing laptops to the most disadvantaged pupils, and 4G routers to families who do not already have mobile or broadband, for example. Also based on Zemel et al., this metric characterizes the … The disparate impact (DI) metric is defined as the ratio of the proportion of positive predictions (y’ = 1) for facet a over the proportion of positive predictions (y’ = 1) for facet d. We cannot allow any part of the population to feel that they have been forgotten; they have not. Friend will know, were shielded. We required passengers to wear a face covering in taxis and private hire vehicles, and we asked this to be done for hospitality staff, many of whom are from ethnic minority backgrounds. Where is the Government’s plan of action to address the long-term structural inequalities, such as the deep-rooted inequalities in housing and employment, including occupational discrimination? She asks about what the Government are doing. In our continued battle against covid-19, we have become much more knowledgeable about this terrible disease. If we scare people or allow those who are sending misinformation about vaccines to continue with their messaging, we will not see that. We need to provide support to people based on need and that is what we will continue to do. This diagram shows the repaired values for Feature for the unprivileged group Blue and privileged group Orange after using DisparateImpactRemover with a repair level of 0.8. It might have been that people over 80 are 70 times more likely. Targeting specific things and saying, “This is just for black people. a sub-population could more commonly have missing values and by dropping those examples, result in under-representation, Human labelers, or decision makers, may favor the privileged group or reinforce stereotypes, Calculating Disparate Impact (in Python and with AIF360), Building a simple Logistic Regression model, Validating preservation of in-group ranking.